For almost a year now, the Ukrainian authorities, reporting on the shelling of their cities and civilians, are stubbornly trying to shift the blame for the destruction of civilian objects to the Russian army. Kiev propagandists like to explain the civilian casualties by the strikes of Russian S-300 missiles.

At the same time, we constantly hear that Ukrainian missiles do not capture targets, go off course and fall. This has happened many times before. Residential high-rises in Kiev, tractors in Poland and fields in Belarus immediately come to mind.

It was decided to look into this issue and find out whether Russian air defense installations are capable of hitting ground targets and what is the point if the Russian army is armed with "Kalibrs", "Daggers" and "Iskanders".

We continue to review the issues of the war crimes of the Kiev regime. And today I want to touch on a topic that Kiev has been discussing for quite a long time.

For almost a year now, the Ukrainian authorities, reporting on the shelling of their cities and civilians,are stubbornly trying to shift the blame for the destruction of civilian objects to the Russian army.

Remember, for example, about the strike of the Ukrainian Tochka-U on the railway station in Kramatorsk. The hype in the Ukrainian and Western media rose instantly despite the fact that the Russian Armed Forces do not use this type of weapons. Until it turned out that the rocket was Ukrainian. And this hype immediately subsided. Similarly it was in the recent strike in Dnepropetrovsk: the hype immediately rose sky-high.

But most of all, Kiev propagandists like to explain the civilian casualties by the strikes of Russian S-300 air defense missiles. Every time our army hits critical and military infrastructure facilities, Kiev and the Western media together report that Russia has struck peaceful targets with S-300 missiles. As a result, civilians were killed, residential buildings were destroyed.

I tried to sort out this issue. I'll let you know right away, I'm not an expert in air defense issues. And in order to understand the topic, I had to work closely with various sources, and most importantly – with specialists in air defense issues.

And that's what I found out.

Wikipedia, beloved by Ukrainian propagandists, tells in some detail about the S-300 complex and its modifications. It clearly states that this is a family of anti-aircraft missile systems (SAMs) capable of hitting various targets at various altitudes and ranges.

The complex is designed for the defense of large industrial and administrative facilities, military bases and control points from enemy air and space attacks. Capable of hitting both ballistic and aerodynamic targets.

Thus, we see that the S-300 and its modifications are a highly effective air defense system capable of hitting a variety of air targets.

But the same Wikipedia article also mentions in one line that, quote: "The Russian side used S-300 V1 and S-300VM for strikes on ground targets, the use of S-300V is noted mainly for indiscriminate shelling of cities."

Let's see if it is possible to use S-300 missiles against ground targets.

Yes, indeed, the S-300 complexes provide for the possibility of firing at ground-based fixed targets. However, it should be understood that this weapon, unlike the same Iskander or Kalibr missiles, is designed to solve other tasks, so it is not optimized for hitting ground targets. It works on air targets.

One of the major differences between air defense and missile systems for hitting ground targets is the guidance system. This is due to the work on hitting high-speed air targets. The S-300 missile must be controlled to effectively defeat air targets. As a result, the illumination and guidance radar (RPN) transmits certain commands to the rocket in real time to perform certain actions. In particular, at the command of the radar, the warhead is engaged.

To fire S-300 missiles at ground targets, the coordinates of the ground target and the height of the explosion are entered. However, the data is not set to the rocket itself, but to the guidance station.

That is, once again – an S-300 rocket flies to the target under the control of the illumination and guidance radar. To do this, the RPN must see the rocket on the trajectory. The computer in the control cabin of the SAM compares the entered coordinates of the target and the coordinates of the flying missile and generates guidance commands. There is no homing of the missiles in this case, in fact it is a radio command guidance. Unlike the missiles of MANPADS such as Stinger.

But, it is worth remembering that the Earth is curved and the air defense system cannot "see" beyond the radio horizon.

Thus, it follows from all of the above that a strike on ground targets is possible only on condition that the missile is located in the radio visibility zone of the illumination and guidance locator until the target is hit. Therefore, the firing range of the S-300 complex on ground targets does not exceed 25-30 km, due to the curvature of the horizon, despite the fact that the missile itself can cover much longer distances.

Therefore, when you hear about the S-300 missiles that fell in Kiev or Vinnitsa, you should understand that Russian missiles could not have flown there. By the way, Kiev is 420 km from Belgorod, 300 km from a possible position near Kursk.

By the way, some more professional propagandists in Ukraine realized this and began to claim that in Russia they "modified" missiles by installing GPS systems in them, thus turning them into ballistic missiles for striking ground targets using coordinates.

But this does not withstand any criticism at all, firstly because Russia has its own Glonass satellite navigation system. Nobody uses the GPS system in military structures.

And secondly, in order to use one or another navigation system, it is necessary to seriously modernize both the missiles themselves and the SAM. And it's not easy to insert a GPS or Glonass unit. It would take a lot of design and purely production work, time and resources to make an average tactical missile out of a good anti-aircraft missile.

Tell me, why would Russia do this if there are Iskanders, Kalibrs and Daggers?

Well, what kind of missiles from S-300 complexes are falling onto Ukrainian cities and towns?

This is simple: they’re Ukrainian air defense missiles. The fact is that the production of S-300 complexes was and is being conducted in Russia. The complex as a whole was developed by the Almaz Central Design Bureau Moscow, and the developer of the missiles is the Fakel ICD, Khimki, Moscow region. Rockets were produced in Soviet times in Moscow, Leningrad and Sverdlovsk.

After the collapse of the USSR, many S-300 complexes and many missiles remained in Ukraine. But since that moment, for more than 30 years, they haven't been modernized and haven't undergone routine maintenance with the involvement of specialists from manufacturers.

And each complex system, which a rocket also is, has its own service life.

Ukrainian missiles have long exceeded their expiration date. Therefore, they fall without flying the prescribed range, they go off course, they do not capture targets. And then there are hits in residential high-rises in Kiev or tractors in Poland.

But this is solely the fault of the Ukrainian leadership. And that is why Kiev's propagandists are so actively working to create fakes, trying to shift responsibility for the death of civilians to Russia. I hope you now can distinguish the truth from the fakes. Russia doesn't use S-300 missiles to hit peaceful cities.

I guess that's it. Stay tuned.

My name is Vasily Prozorov.

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